I assume each path
is oriented positively/counterclockwise.
(a) Parameterize
by

with
. Then the line element is

and the integral reduces to

The integrand is symmetric about
, so

Substitute
and
. Then we get

(b) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

Integrate by parts with



(c) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

Answer:
a) 5/-6, - 5/6
b) 7/-2, -7/2
Step-by-step explanation:
1/5 is an expression that represents 1÷5= .2
Since the return decimal equivalent doesn't go on forever and has a finite end, this is a member of the rational number set.