One is <span>"He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people." This one refers to the King's coercive acts where he dissolved Massachusetts legislature because of what happened during the Boston tea party. basically the King didn't care about the legislative houses and did as he wished when they didn't agree with him.
Another is </span><span>"He
has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that
purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing
to pass others to encouraged their migration hither, and raising the
conditions of new Appropriations of Lands." He is talking here about the king's anti immigration policies to anyone who was not a British Subject. There were many immigrants from countries like Spain or France who wanted to enter the colonies and become citizens but they were denied this right and the colonists wanted them in their country.
Another is </span><span>"He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance." This refers to king's decisions to create numerous new positions of power like tax collectors or officers of the law who went to the colonies and they had to be taken care of by the colonists since they were royal officials. They had to get food and shelter and things like that from the colonists for nothing in return.
Another is "</span><span>He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures." This is mentioned because the King had his soldiers stationed in the colonies in people's houses and people didn't have a choice in whether or not they would provide housing for them. They were angry because they had to pay taxes for soldiers that did nothing since there was no war.
The final fifth grievance example can be </span><span>"For
protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any Murders which
they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:" This is because of the Boston massacre when soldiers killed colonists and had mock trials and weren't punished at all because the British parliament and the king perceived what happened as the fault of the colonists and didn't even care about them.</span>
French nobility was a powerful political class who always used to dictate the terms of court of king. They were hereditary and had collected a lot of wealth. They used to live in fortified castles and enjoyed a luxuries life. They had limited the powers of the king and became as king makers.
King Henry IV introduced some important measures which curbed the influence of these hereditary nobles and laid the foundation of absolutism in France. He inducted the commoners into to the nobility and thus curbed the influence of hereditary nobles. He also waged the wars against the ambitious nobles. He used Intendants to bring the royal authority to provinces and nobles. For tax collection royal bureaucrats were employed by him which further decreased the influence of hereditary nobles and increased the centralization of power as well.
The paradox of President Jefferson tried to put an end to slavery. It was the best lens for the national tensions which then resulted in the bloodiest war to ever occur in American history.
1. increasing trade
2. finding gold and precious metals
3. competing with Spain to be the dominant power in Europe.
