Answer:
c. the neutral theory posits that the vast majority of mutations do not influence the fitness of individuals
Explanation:
The neutral theory proposed by Motoo Kimura states that the vast majority of changes at the molecular level (DNA) in a population happens due to genetic drift, not by natural selection, this implies that the mutations are neutral and do not give an advantage to the organisms.
This means that mutant alleles are preserved due to the randomness of life and not because this alleles give selective advantage over other individuals of the population.
Answer: Aristotle and Ptolemy had both assumed each planet is attached to a single sphere, but geometers and astronomers could employ a number of such spheres to generate the observed motions of the planets.
Explanation:
The choices can be found elsewhere and as follows:
a. Increased temperature and pressure
b. Melting and crystallization
<span>c. Exposure and weathering </span>
<span>d. All of the above
</span>
I believe the correct answer is option C. It would be Exposure and weathering that would cause an igneous rock to become soil. <span>Weathering breaks rock down into small particles which are carried away by erosion and deposited somewhere, sometimes creating very verdant soils. </span>
Precipitation removes particulates from the air
Answer: In Spanish
¿Cómo se vuelven resistentes las bacterias a los antibióticos?
R: Las bacterias pueden volverse resistentes a los antibióticos de varias maneras. Algunas bacterias pueden "neutralizar" un antibiótico cambiándolo de una manera que lo hace inofensivo. Otros han aprendido a bombear un antibiótico fuera de la bacteria antes de que pueda causar algún daño. Algunas bacterias pueden cambiar su estructura externa, por lo que el antibiótico no tiene forma de adherirse a la bacteria que está diseñada para matar.
Después de exponerse a los antibióticos, a veces una de las bacterias puede sobrevivir porque encontró una manera de resistir el antibiótico. Si incluso una bacteria se vuelve resistente a los antibióticos, puede multiplicarse y reemplazar todas las bacterias que fueron eliminadas. Eso significa que la exposición a los antibióticos proporciona una presión selectiva que hace que las bacterias sobrevivientes sean más propensas a ser resistentes. Las bacterias también pueden volverse resistentes a través de la mutación de su material genético.
Answer in English :
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A: Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through several ways. Some bacteria can “neutralize” an antibiotic by changing it in a way that makes it harmless. Others have learned how to pump an antibiotic back outside of the bacteria before it can do any harm. Some bacteria can change their outer structure so the antibiotic has no way to attach to the bacteria it is designed to kill.
After being exposed to antibiotics, sometimes one of the bacteria can survive because it found a way to resist the antibiotic. If even one bacterium becomes resistant to antibiotics, it can then multiply and replace all the bacteria that were killed off. That means that exposure to antibiotics provides selective pressure making the surviving bacteria more likely to be resistant. Bacteria can also become resistant through mutation of their genetic material.
I don't know if this help you at all.
