1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
vekshin1
2 years ago
7

Kinetics of the cervical spine

Biology
1 answer:
netineya [11]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Previous research has quantified differences in head and spinal kinematics between children and adults restrained in an automotive-like configuration subjected to low speed dynamic loading. The forces and moments that the cervical spine imposes on the head contribute directly to these age-based kinematic variations. To provide further explanation of the kinematic results, this study compared the upper neck kinetics - including the relative contribution of shear and tension as well as flexion moment - between children (n=20, 6-14 yr) and adults (n=10, 18-30 yr) during low-speed (<4 g, 2.5 m/s) frontal sled tests. The subjects were restrained by a lap and shoulder belt and photo-reflective targets were attached to skeletal landmarks on the head, spine, shoulders, sternum, and legs. A 3D infrared tracking system quantified the position of the targets. Shear force (F(x)), axial force (F(z)), bending moment (M(y)), and head angular acceleration (θ(head)) were computed using inverse dynamics. The method was validated against ATD measured loads. Peak F(z) and θ(head) significantly decreased with increasing age while M(y) significantly increased with increasing age. F(x) significantly increased with age when age was considered as a univariate variable; however when variations in head-to-neck girth ratio and change in velocity were accounted for, this difference as a function of age was not significant. These results provide insight into the relationship between age-based differences in head kinematics and the kinetics of the cervical spine. Such information is valuable for pediatric cervical spine models and when scaling adult-based upper cervical spine tolerance and injury metrics to children.

You might be interested in
Which element of an original work can be changed in an adaptation? Theme. Story. Setting. Main idea.
kompoz [17]

Answer: setting

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Urine is made of _________​
scZoUnD [109]

Answer:

Answer is A

Explanation:

Urea consists of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. You can find it in urine, sweat, blood and milk in mammals. In its most concentrated form, it is urine. Urea is a crystalline compound, and the nitrogen content is always at least 46 percent when dry.

6 0
2 years ago
the risks the yousafzai family faced for speaking out against thr taliban. did the violence toward malala discourage her efforts
Pepsi [2]

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation The violence toward Malala discouraged her and made her weaker

4 0
3 years ago
3.88 milligrams is equal to how many centigrams?
marin [14]
0.388 Hope this helped let me know if it was wrong :)

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
ILL GIVE BRAINLIST PLS HELP​
TiliK225 [7]

Answer:

1.In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species? are related and gradually change over time.

2.Survival of the fittest is a simple way of describing how evolution (the process by which gradual genetic change occurs over time to a group of living things) works. It describes the mechanism of natural selection by explaining how the best-adapted individuals are better suited to their environment.

4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which organelle contains enzymes to break down waste?
    14·1 answer
  • what is the term for a red clay soil commonly found in the southeastern portion of the United States?
    10·1 answer
  • Why is the food wetted in the mouth?​
    12·2 answers
  • Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
    13·1 answer
  • Which step of mitosis involves the nucleus splitting and nuclear membranes forming around each new nucleus?
    11·2 answers
  • Name and explain when to use each of the 3 main types of graphs.
    12·1 answer
  • 12. How heavy are some of the tools technicians use in the turbine?
    9·1 answer
  • How will the temperature inside the car feel?
    8·1 answer
  • What is the term for the scientific study of the universe
    15·1 answer
  • The formation of the many kinds of body cells that make up an embryo begins with
    6·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!