Explanation:
<u>anaerobic process that restores NAD+ supply</u>
<u></u>
Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation.
Further Explanation:
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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When a fish swims from salt water into fresh water its cells react by losing water and shrinking. The correct option is D.
<h3>What is fresh water?</h3>
Glaciers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, streams, wetlands, and even groundwater contain fresh water.
These freshwater habitats cover less than 1% of the world's total surface area but are home to 10% of all known animals and up to 40% of all known fish species.
When a fish swims from salt water into fresh water its cells react by losing water and shrinking due to osmosis.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Answer:
monoallelic gene expression
Explanation:
<em>Monoallelic expression is a type of gene expression where only a copy out of the two copies of a gene is expressed and the other is silent. </em>
A gene is usually represented by two alleles representing alternate forms of the same character. Individuals inherit an allele each from their two parents for every gene within their genomes.
When only one of the alleles is expressed for a particular gene while the other allele remains silent, such phenomenon is referred to as monoallelic gene expression.
"The DNA in one species of bacteria can be exchanged with an unlike species of bacteria" is the one among the following that <span>best describes a complication of classifying bacteria based on genetic information. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option or option "A".</span>