Answer:
Causal association is defined as two events in which one event leads to the cause/development of the second event such as the consumption of trans-fats and the onset of heart disease. In order to show the causal association, it is necessary to ensure that the 3 criteria of temporality, consistency, and strength are satisfied with respect to the relationship between consumption of trans fats and heart disease. According to this example involving the relationship between trans-fats and heart disease, temporality could be satisfied if one is consuming an excessive amount of foods containing trans-fats such asFrench fries, and who then ends up suffering from heart disease. In order to fulfill the criteria of strength, statistical tests would need to be performed in order to establish that there is a positive correlation between the individuals who consume trans-fats 10 times per week are shown to develop and require treatment for heart disease 90% of the time. Lastly, consistency may be fulfilled by showing that the same results are occurring despite applying the same testing measures on different groups of individuals during various increments. By applying the same tests on different groups, the chances of creating false-positives within the study can be significantly lowered. Numerous studies can be used to determine whether meaningful statements regarding the causal relationship between two factors can be established. By performing multiple studies on individuals’ eating habits and their health outcomes, researchers may then determine whether a relationship exists between the health challenges that they are faced with and the items that they consume.
Explanation:
Answers;
Do not plow when extremely heavy rains are expected
Plant trees to shield field from the wind
Keep plants growing.
Explanation;
Soil erosion is the wearing away of a field's top soil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through forces associated with farming activities. Preventing top soil erosion is critical in agriculture; this is normally done using various measures such as Planting grass and shrubs, mulching, avoid soil compaction among other methods.
Answer:
leave the faucet on overnight
use the bathtub instead of the shower
take long showers
Explanation:
Answer:
Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
answer : = 1.25
Explanation:
i) Determine the rate of mtDNA percent divergence
From the data given the most closely related specie is Chimpanzee ( 8.8 sequence difference )
Note : Given that this divergence took place seven million years from now
∴The rate of mtDNA percent divergence per 1 millions years
= 8.8 / 7 = 1.25
Answer:
1. Evolution can be defined as the gradual development of an organism creating diversity.
2. A common misconception is that Homosapiens are descendants of Apes.
3. analogous structures are features of different species that are similar in function, but not necessarily in structure; such as bird wings and insect wings. homologous structures, however, is an organ or bone with similar underlying anatomical features found in different animals; such as the arms of primates.
4. vestigial structures are structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor, such as wings of flightless birds.
5. Embryology supports the theory that organisms have a common ancestor in accordance to the theory of evolution.
Explanation:
