El Niño is a phenomenon that impedes the occurrence of upwellings in South America's coasts.<em> 1) Nutrients. 2) Favors local fisheries. 3) Upwellings do not occur during El Niño events. </em>
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The El Nino Southern Oscillation -ENSO- phenomenon occurs due to a complex system of climatic oscillations between the ocean and the atmosphere.
This phenomenon causes significant perturbations in the usual pluvial regimens in the tropics. It provokes
• dry seasons in areas where it usually rains
• rainy seasons in desertic regions.
ENSO phenomenon is dominant in the global climate system.
<u>SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
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⇒ Under normal conditions
- Pacific warm water and air masses move westward, making it possible for cold water to ascend in South America's coasts, in a process known as <em>upwelling</em>.
- Upwelling occurs in South America, providing nutrients from the bottom to the animals, especially fishes -which<em> favors </em><em>fisheries activities</em>-.
- Humidity goes straight to the west precipitating in Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, among other places.
⇒ Under El Niño conditions
- A tropical and weak stream in the Pacific acquires strength while the opposite streams debilitate.
- This change impedes warm water go westward, remaining on South America's coasts.
- Upwelling does not occur on the South America coasts. In some regions, temperatures rise, and unusual precipitations occur in desertic or dry areas -Atacama desert-.
- Other affected areas are<em> Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, </em>where there are fewer precipitations and cooler temperatures. Rainfall drops below the average, affecting crops and livestock.
<em>1) What comes up to the surface with cold upwelled water? </em>
- Upwelling is vertical water currents, which transport cold water with nutrients from the bottom to the surface.
<em>2) What effect does this have on the local fishery?</em>
- Nutrients coming from the bottom benefit fishes and increase their population growth rates.
- The increase in the number of fish means a direct increase in fisheries activities.
- Local fisheries can catch more animals because the population sizes are big enough.
<em>3) What happens to this cold upwelled water during an El Nino event?</em>
- Upwelling does not occur during El Niño events.
- Warm water remains on south America's coasts. Hence, cold water from the bottom carrying nutrients does not get to ascend.
- These are unfavorable seasons from local fisheries.
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You can learn more about El Niño events at
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