Answer:1 : substratum. 2 : the base on which an organism lives the soil is the substrate of most seed plants. 3 : a substance acted upon (as by an enzyme)
<span>The shape of a cell dictates the function of that cell. This is more pertinent to animal cells that, unlike plant cells, do not have a rigid cell wall. A misshapen cell cannot properly perform its intended function. </span>
Answer:
An increase of 3,500 J
Explanation:
Given that,
Energy added by swimmer = 12000 J
Heat removed by the surrounding = 8500 J
We need to find the total change in energy. It can be calculated using the law of conservation of energy such as :

As the change in energy is positive, it means that there is an increase of 3500 J.