The correct sequence of events is : C,D,B,A.
Iron rich magma in the earth's core heats up because of radiation and the pressure exerted by the other layers of the earth. This heat in the crust trigger convection currents in the mantle. The magma closest to the core will be hotter and therefore less dense than other layers. Being less dense the layer will rise towards the crust, eventually becoming cooler and sinking back down in a circular motion.
The continued circular motion creates electric currents which then generates the magnetic field.
From what I remember it's called a substrate
The answer to your question is bacteria
