The passage demonstrates the Greeks hold a strong posture over their undeniable superiority of the gods over mortals. It is stated that gods are the core element of existence and reside here to stay an eternity, and as such, their dominance shall not be jeopardized by any being other than a god. With these defensive claims of their beliefs, it is fair to say the Greeks thought that by understanding the gods, they would be understanding nature itself.
The government official objects to having horses depicted on wallpapers and flowers on carpets because he is of the belief that everything should be factual, i.e. backed by logical facts. And in that effect, he does not believe that horses can be on walls in real life and neither can flowers be on carpets.
Mr. Rochester would be a dynamic character. A dynamic character is one who undergoes change and growth in a story. As the question states, he starts the story as an angry, frustrated, and mysterious character, but ends up softened and altered by Jane Eyre. Remember: a minor character is one who does not influence the story much; a static character is one who remains the same throughout a story; a flat character is synonymous with a static character. So, you can eliminate all of those, giving you another path to the right answer. Hope this helps.
The answer is c to this q