Answer: The Exchange View
Explanation: The Exchange View of individualized leadership focuses on the concept of exchange, where leaders typically tend to establish exchange relationships with individuals who have characteristics similar to those of the leader.
Answer: The equator.
Explanation: The equator (0° latitude) divides the globe into Northern and Southern hemispheres.
From the given options, the surveys, tests related to education, and unidentified questionnaires all belong to exempt research.
The fourth option is the correct answer.
<h3>What is meant by research?</h3>
Research is defined as the analysis of facts by examining the sources and available material about any topic.
Exempt research is one of the methods that focus on the study of human-related concepts where there is a minimum or no risk involved. The categories which are treated as exempt research can be education concepts, surveys, interview processes, federal-related research, food and taste studies, etc.
<u>Question's missing part:</u>
The following are the options related to the given question:
1) fraudulent research
2) non-ethical research
3) laboratory research
4) exempt research
Therefore, the provided categories are considered to be exempt research.
Learn more about the research in the related link:
brainly.com/question/18723483
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Answer:
The situation that have occurred with friendship between Jewell and Amie falls under the in-group–out-group bias, the concept actively researched under the theory of prejudice and group conflict.
Explanation:
In the beginning Jewell became friends with Amie, because she thought that they belong to the same group (<u>in-group</u>). Meanwhile, when she learned Amie was a teacher in her college she realized the belong to a different group (<u>out-group</u>).
This phenomenon is explained in particular due to <em>competition between groups</em>. Here, students and teachers compete, because each of them uses different methods of achieving goals.
For example, students cheat to get good grades, while teachers fight against cheating. By being friends with Amie (<u>the teacher</u>), Jewell (<u>the student</u>) might have become worried that she will disclose some information about how students cheat and thus <u>pose a threat against her own group</u>.
Answer:Cronbach's alpha
Explanation:
Cronbach's alpha is used to measure consistency interms of how closely associated items in a group are.
It measures the scale of reliability as a coefficient of reliability not statistically.
below is a formula that is used to calculate this reliability.
α=N¯c/¯v+(N−1)¯c
Here N equate to the number of items, ¯c is the average inter-item covariance among the items and ¯v equals the average variance.
The increase number of items will increase Cronbanch's Alpha.
Additionally, if the average inter-item correlation is low, alpha will be low.
