Answer:
independant
Explanation:
subordinate clause must begin either a subordinate conjunction (such as because, why, while etc) or a relative pronoun.
How Imperialism involved land acquisition.
Between 1880 and 1900, Great Britain, France, and Germany, among others, colonized Africa
In North Africa, the Suez Canal was built to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas and callow for transport between Europe and Asia
The real driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa was King Leopold II
By 1885, Britain and Germany had become chief rivals in East Africa
Nowhere in Africa did the European presence grow more rapidly than in the South
How Imperialism involved extraction of raw materials
Cecil Rhodes, a great champion of British Expansion, founded gold and diamond mining companies
Europeans had a keen interest in Africa's raw materials, especially those of West Africa-peanuts, timber, hides, and palm oil
How Imperialism involved spread of Western values
Muhammad Ali seized power in North Africa in 1805 and established a separate Egyptian state; he introduced a series of reforms
The Boer Republics formed two independent republics-The Orange Free State and The South African Republic; they believed white superiority was ordained by God
Native African peoples formed political parties seeking the end of foreign rule
How Imperialism involved direct political control
European countries annexed African countries-incorporated a country into an existing political state
Several European countries met to settle conflicting claims on African countries at the Berlin Conference; no African delegates were present at this conference
Most countries ruled their new territories in Africa with indirect rule
Unfortunate consequences of European rule in Africa included indirect rule, the old African Elite, and local officials
