Answer:
Its very simple, the required return would be 12% of the amount invested today. And this can be explained by the use of DVM (Dividend valuation Model), which is as under:
For ordinary shares  r = (Dividend after one year / Share price now) 
Dividend after one year =  Required return * Share Price Now
Assuming no growth in the dividends, we can say that the required return would be 12% of the amount invested now which is the share price of the ordinary shares.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
When  ATC curve is decreasing, we know that the MC curve is
below the ATC curve, and when the ATC curve is increasing, we know that MC is  above the ATC curve
Explanation:
ATC refers to average total cost and MC refers to marginal cost, these both curve derive from total cost when MC is below ATC curve it shows that MC is less than ATC at that point ATC is falling.
Likewise, when MC is above ATC curve it shows MC is grater than ATC curve and at that point ATC is rising.
furthermore, when MC is equal to ATC at that point ATC is at minimum point.
 
        
             
        
        
        
I belive this is Undervaluing asserts.
hope this helps!
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 the costs to be assigned to the units transferred out and the units in ending work in process is $562,800 and $49,760 respectively 
Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
Cost assign to units transferred out is 
= 40,200 units × $4 + 40,200  units ×  $10 
= $160,800 + $402,000
= $562,800
And, the Cost assign to work in progress is 
= 6,220  units × $4 + (6,220 units × 0.40) × $10 
= $24,880 + $24,880
= $49,760
Hence, the costs to be assigned to the units transferred out and the units in ending work in process is $562,800 and $49,760 respectively