The correct answer is actually
B) energy that flows from warmer objects to cooler objects.
because temperature is a measure of the average amount of energy possessed by an object due to the random motions of its particles. Heat is the energy that flows from warmer objects to cooler objects. Heat cannot flow in the opposite direction.
1) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought of as the "molecular currency" for energy transfer within the cell. Function: ATPs are used as the main energy source for metabolic functions. They are consumed by energy-requiring (endothermic) processes and produced by energy-releasing (exothermic) processes in the cell and Cells store energy in the form of ATP; cells make 36 ATP through cellular respiration.
2) Energy is normally stored long term as carbohydrate, in plants the storage polymer is starch whereas in animals the storage polymer is glycogen. Both of these are formed from the monomer alpha-glucose (C6H12O6). When energy is required by the cell, storage polymers are hydrolysed to yield glucose molecules, which are the starting point of respiration, a series of chemical regions yielding ATP, the universal cellular energy release molecule.
<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
Answer: A) Increased GI mobility
Explanation: They sympathetic nervous system inhibits the activity if the stomach, therefore, GI mobility decreases and does not increase. The parasympathetic nervous system is the one that increases the GI mobility.
Oxidative phosphorylation of the Aerobic respiration pathway.
