Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
Answer;
Glucose
The nutrient that can be used to produce energy in the absence of oxygen is glucose.
Explanation;
Production of energy without using glucose is called anaerobic respiration. During this type of respiration less energy is released than the case of aerobic respiration. This is because the breakdown of glucose is incomplete. Anaerobic respiration produces an oxygen debt, which is the amount of oxygen needed to break lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
Answer:
(a) 145 N
(B) 40 N
(c) 10 ropes
Explanation:
Mechanical advantage, where and are input and output force respectively
Since MA is given as 10 and input force is 1450 N
Therefore, the mover must use a force of 145 N
(b)
Since also and the is given as 4 m then
(c)
Literally, we need 10 rope segments to support the piano since we utilize the mechanical advantage
If they mix it can lead to death
