Answer:
I think it might be B
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Recessive<span> and </span>dominant alleles<span>. You will recall that genes have </span>different<span> forms called </span>alleles<span>. An </span>allele<span> can be </span>recessive<span> or </span>dominant<span>. A </span>recessive allele<span> only shows if the individual has two copies of the </span>recessive allele<span>.</span>
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The tetraspanins Tspan8 and CD151 promote metastasis, exosomes (Exo) being suggested to be important in the cross talk between tumor and host. The contribution of Tspan8 and CD151 to host versus tumor-derived exosome (TEX) activities being not defined, we approached the questions using 3-methylcholanthrene-induced (MCA) tumors from wt, Tspan8ko, CD151ko and Tspan8/CD151 (db)ko mice, implanted into tetraspanin-competent and deficient hosts.
Methods:
Tumor growth and dissemination, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis were surveyed in wild type (wt), Tspan8ko, CD151ko and dbko mice bearing tetraspanin-competent and -deficient MCA tumors. In vitro studies using tumor cells, bone marrow cells (BMC) and endothelial cells (EC) elaborated the mechanism of serum (s)Exo- and TEX-induced target modulation.
Results:
Tumors grew in autochthonous and syngeneic hosts differing in Tspan8- and/or CD151-competence. However, Tspan8ko- and/or CD151ko-tumor cell dissemination and settlement in metastatic organs was significantly reduced in the autochthonous host, and less severely in the wt-host. Impaired wt-MCA tumor dissemination in the ko-host confirmed a contribution of host- and tumor-Tspan8/-CD151 to tumor cell dissemination, delivery of sExo and TEX being severely impaired by a Tspan8ko/CD151ko.
Conclusions:
Tspan8-/CD151-TEX play central roles in tumor progression. Tspan8-/CD151-sExo and TEX contribute by stimulating angiogenesis. Tspan8 and CD151 fulfill these tasks by associating with function-relevant proteins, the additive impact of Tspan8 and CD151 relying on differences in preferred associations. The distinct Tspan8 and CD151 contributions suggest a blockade of TEX-Tspan8 and -CD151 promising for therapeutic intervention.
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The binomial nomenclature system of classifying organisms was developed by <u>Linnaeus</u>.
Binomial nomenclature- Binomial nomenclature is a method of naming biological entities that consists of two terms: the first one designates the genus of the organism, and the second one designates the species.
Genus- Genus is the biological categorization that comes after family & species, consisting of isolated species that demonstrate exceptional differentiation or a group of structurally and phylogenetically related species (monotypic genus).
Species- A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals that are potential of interbreeding or gene exchange. The most fundamental unit of classification in biology is the species, which also serves as a taxonomic rank.
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