An alteration to chromosome structure which only involves one chromosome is called MONOSOMY.
Alterations in chromosomes structures usually leads to mutation. Monosomy refers to the condition of heaving a diploid chromosome complement in which one chromosome lacks its homologous partner.
Answer:
Restriction Enzymes
Explanation:
It is restriction enzymes specifically, which are used to cut DNA into fragments. Restriction enzymes can be regarded as biological scalpels which can produce either a blunt end or sticky end in DNA.
A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are based on cladistics. This is a method of comparing traits in related species to determine ancestor-descendant relationships. Clades are represented by cladograms, like the one in Figure below.
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This study serves as a proof of concept that complete organs
can be grown from harvested stem cells and, when transplanted, achieve normal
function, the authors said, hopefully advancing the field from stem cell
transplantation for organ repair towards full organ replacement.