Question

Monterey Bay, on the California coast, contains a diverse and complex ecological community. A variety of seaweeds and single-celled algae make up the base of the food web. Many animals, such as sea urchins, abalone, snails, and crabs, graze on these photosynthetic organisms. Otters and small fish eat all of these primary consumers and in turn are eaten by orcas and sharks. Orcas eat many other smaller organisms, including dolphins, sea lions, harbor seals, and many kinds of fish. Sea stars prey on sea urchins, abalone, and snails, whereas octopus eat crabs, fish, and sea stars. Sea lions and harbor seals eat predominantly fish. Sea cucumbers eat dead organic matter that falls to the sea floor. Place each of the organisms in the trophic pyramid based on where it gets its energy. Each organism will be used only once even if some of the organisms consume organisms from several trophic levels. Place organisms that eat from several trophic levels at the highest possible trophic level. For instance, a shark that eats sea lions, octopus, otters, and fish would be placed at the highest trophic level on the pyramid, even though the shark eats both secondary and tertiary consumers. You are currently in a labeling module. Turn off browse mode or quick nav, Tab to items, Space or Enter to pick up, Tab to move, Space or Enter to drop.The illustration has a trophic pyramid that contains a producer level labeled trophic level one, a primary consumer level labeled trophic level two, a secondary consumer level labeled trophic level three, a tertiary consumer level labeled trophic level four, a quaternary consumer level labeled trophic level five, and a section for decomposers and detritivores. Answer Bank

Answer 1

The trophic web is the transference of energy through different trophic levels. TL1) algae, seaweed /TL2) urchins, abalone, snails, crabs / TL3) sea-stars, otter, fish /TL4) octopus, sea lions /TL5) orca / Detritivore) cucumbers.

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The trophic web is a relationship process between different organisms, through which occurs transference of energy.

The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.  

Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.

• The first link corresponds to a producer organism -autotroph-.

• The following links are the consumers -heterotrophs-: herbivores and carnivores.

• The last links are the decomposers that degrade organic matter from dead organisms.

As it is a web, all organisms are equilibrated until a change occurs.

When the change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.

A change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.

Trophic pyramid:

The trophic web can be represented as a pyramid.

The base of the pyramid is always composed of producers, followed by primary consumers, secondary, tertiary, and so on.

Outside the pyramid and closing the cycle, we can find decomposers and detritivorous.

Now, to complete the trophic pyramid, let us analyse information provided by the statement.

We will see who feeds on who.

• seaweeds and single-celled algae ⇒ photosynthetic organisms

• sea urchins, abalone, snails, and crabs ⇒ feed on photosynthetic organisms

• Sea stars ⇒ prey on urchins, abalone, snails

• Octopus ⇒ eat crabs, fish, and sea stars

• Otters and small fish ⇒ eat urchins, abalone, snails, and crabs

• Sea lions and harbor seals ⇒ feed on fishes

• Orcas and sharks ⇒ feed on otters, fishes, dolphins, sea lions, seals

• Sea cucumbers ⇒ eat dead organic matter

The options to complete the pyramid are snail, abalone, orca, otter, single-celled algae, urchin, small fishes, seaweed, crabs, sea lion, cucumber, octopus, and sea-star.

According to the analysis we did before about who feeds on who, we will complete the pyramid.

• Producers TL1 ⇒ seaweeds and single-celled algae

• Primary consumers TL2 ⇒ sea urchins, abalone, snails, and crabs

• Secondary consumer TL3 ⇒ Sea-stars, Otters and small fish

• Tertiary consumer TL4 ⇒ Octopus, Sea lions

• Quaternary consumer TL5 ⇒ Orca

• Decomposer/Detritivore ⇒ Sea cucumbers

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