In order to better understand what motivates human beings, Maslow proposed that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy.
Maslow organized human needs into a pyramid that includes (from lowest-level to highest-level) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.
2. Safety needs - once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient. People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).
For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury).
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group.
Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love.
4. Esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishement and respect. Maslow classified esteem needs into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed economically, academically or athletically. For others, it may be expressed creatively, in paintings, pictures, or inventions.
The correct answer is letter "B": Enterprise planning and monitoring.
Explanation:
Information Systems impact the Supply Chain at planning and monitoring stages. Information Systems allow managers to analyze information about the flow of the supply chain and allows them to spot where improvement is necessary. Besides, it allows tracking production to maximize it. Decisions can be made upon the feed Information Systems provide.
1) The trend in gender diversity that appears to be most supported by the outcomes of Lease Plan's program changes is:
Increases in seats on boards of directors—in Fortune 550 firms up to 16.6 percent in 2013 from only 9.6 percent in 1995.
2. Thomas's generic action options for managing diversity that is most illustrated in the case is:
include/exclude
3. Based on the information in the case, the barriers and challenges to managing diversity that were identified in the text that appear to have been present at Lease Plan were:
a. an unsupportive or hostile work environment
b. inaccurate stereotypes
Explanation:
Thomas's include and exclude generic action option emphasizes that more diverse employees should be employed in addition to minority-owned companies being used as vendors. This option makes it possible for embracing and practicing workplace diversity. It creates an open-minded and supportive workplace, encouraging the sharing of information and the integration of behavior to accept and value human differences, thereby overcoming stereotypes.
