In order to better understand what motivates human beings, Maslow proposed that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy.
Maslow organized human needs into a pyramid that includes (from lowest-level to highest-level) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.
2. Safety needs - once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient. People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).
For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury).
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group.
Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love.
4. Esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishement and respect. Maslow classified esteem needs into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed economically, academically or athletically. For others, it may be expressed creatively, in paintings, pictures, or inventions.
A line of credit refers to a mechanism of availing short term credit from banks whereby a borrower is provided with a preset limit till which funds can be availed anytime.
As the borrower repays the money borrowed, the line of credit gets restored to the previous level provided it is an open line of credit.
Line of credit specifies the maximum limit till which money can be borrowed. The rate of interest and repayment time period are decided by the lender which is usually a bank.
Borrower is usually supposed to pay interest upon the money actually borrowed and not the full limit of the line of credit.
The two parties have a legal contract. The contract was established when Courts requested Eastinghouse to send the refrigerators and bill later.
The exact price for the contract is in dispute. This dispute can be resolved between the parties. Reference to the market price will help resolve the dispute, otherwise, the parties may seek alternative dispute resolutions, like litigation, mediation, or arbitration.
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
Eastinghouse's invoice price for the refrigerators = $140,000
Courts' adopted market price = $120,000
b) Since Courts' reference to the price is with regard to the wholesale market price, it may be that Eastinghouse quoted the retail price instead. Since Courts is a distributor, it has the right to be charged a wholesaler's price and not a retailer's. Therefore, we can conclude that after due reference to the prevailing market price of similar refrigerators, the two parties may agree to a price of $120,000 or a little higher.
