In order to better understand what motivates human beings, Maslow proposed that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy.
Maslow organized human needs into a pyramid that includes (from lowest-level to highest-level) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.
2. Safety needs - once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient. People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).
For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury).
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group.
Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love.
4. Esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishement and respect. Maslow classified esteem needs into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed economically, academically or athletically. For others, it may be expressed creatively, in paintings, pictures, or inventions.
For a, first we calculate the credit multiplier of the economy,
Credit multiplier = 1 / reserve ratio
Credit multiplier = 1 / 0.25 = 4
This means that any change in money supply will be 4 times as much in the economy, hence to induce a change of $120 billion, the Fed will decrease the money supply by 120/4 = $30 billion. This will increase the interest rates just enough to stabilize aggregate demand.
For b, we again start by calculating the credit multiplier.
Credit multiplier = 1/0.10 = 10
Since the Fed want to stimulate investment, it needs to use an expansionary monetary policy.
The Fed thus increases the money supply by 150/10 = $15 billion.
This will have the total effect of 150 billion on the whole thus achieving the Fed's objectives.
<em>Motivation in work is when employees are incentivized due to their good performance</em>, this happens when they provide the company a greater value. There are two kinds of motivation:
Internal: it includes emotions and thoughts, <em>in the exercise given this internal motivation is letting the team know that they are doing good</em>
External: includes salary and work environment, <em>in the case given the bonuses are the external motivation</em>
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b. Increase in communication and coordination costs
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that she will likely experience a disadvantage with an Increase in communication and coordination costs. This is mainly due to the fact that those individuals are already used to communicating and coordinating with their teams in a very specific way that they have developed through months of working together. By putting members from different divisions together they have to learn how to coordinate with one another which will take time and money.
On average, a person who have a full time job works will work approximately 2,000 hours each year reason been that we have 5 working days in a week and standard working hours in a weeks is 40 hours (5days×8hours daily) which means 8 hours daily , secondly we have 52 weeks in a year, now assuming that person takes 2 weeks off each year for his or her vacation we would have 50 weeks left (52 weeks-2 weeks vacation) which means that the person would be working 50 weeks of the year multiply by 40 hours a week which will give us a total of 2,000 hours each year.
40 work hours weekly× 50 weeks yearly
=2,000 hours of work each year
Therefore on average, a person with a full time job works approximately 2,000 hours each year.
