In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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The function of a protein is determined by its shape. The shape of a protein is determined by its primary structure (sequence of amino acids). The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene (DNA) encoding it.
Answer:
The oceanic crust is formed by partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges. The continental crust is formed even more cycles of partial melting over time, resulting less dense rocks.
Explanation:
The mantle, oceanic crust, and continental crust all have different compositions due to a process called partial melting.
This is where you start to melt a rock, but don´t melt it all the way.
When you partially melt a rock, certain chemical elements tend to stay in the solid rock while others tend to go into the melted part.
As a result, the rock that forms from that melt is less dense than the original rock.
If you then partially melt that rock, you get a rock that is even lighter.
The correct answer is postural muscles.
Postural muscles are muscles with the function to sustain posture in the gravity field. In response to stimuli such as over-use, under-use or trauma, postural muscles tend to shorten. This type of muscles is sometimes called tonic muscles because they have high resting tonus.
<span>B. precipitation</span><span>
The evaporation process uses the sun radiation or sun’s thermal energy for vaporization of a water from the land or soil to be water vapor then in the air. Transpiration on the other hand is the same with evaporation that involves water molecules to be vaporized into the air but it is located in the stoma of the plants. It is like evaporation within plants. This is actually to have homeostasis in plants and still part of the water cycle. </span>
