What are your answers? I'd like to see your guesses before I put work effort into this.
Answer:
a. Smaller class size is related to better academic performance.
Explanation:
A hypothesis is a testable prediction, a scientific guess of what you expect to happen from a study. There are directional and non directional hypothesis, the directional hypothesis states exactly what you expect such as " smaller class size is related to better academic performance while a non directional hypothesis predicts that there will be an effect but does not specify the direction, example is "smaller class size is related to academic performance".
The option chosen is an example of a directional hypothesis, option b, c, and d are more statements of facts and not hypothesis.
Here Jack is influenced by what Burrhus Frederic Skinner an American
psychologist calls negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement which is the
opposite of positive reinforcement and it means that the rate of behavior is increased
in order to avoid an unpleasant situation or unpleasant stimulus or negative
outcome.
The Protestant Reformation broke the religious unity in Europe. It defined the content of the modern era.
Hope this helps!
