The exponent is 6, since 7^6 is the same as (see picture).
The given equation for the relationship between a planet's orbital period, T and the planet's mean distance from the sun, A is T^2 = A^3.
Let the orbital period of planet X be T(X) and that of planet Y = T(Y) and let the mean distance of planet X from the sun be A(X) and that of planet Y = A(Y), then
A(Y) = 2A(X)
[T(Y)]^2 = [A(Y)]^3 = [2A(X)]^3
But [T(X)]^2 = [A(X)]^3
Thus [T(Y)]^2 = 2^3[T(X)]^2
[T(Y)]^2 / [T(X)]^2 = 2^3
T(Y) / T(X) = 2^3/2
Therefore, the orbital period increased by a factor of 2^3/2
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Hey can you show a picture of the figure?