Answer:
a. Checksum
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the field that represents this information is called the Checksum. Like mentioned in the question this refers to a value that represents the amount of bits in a certain transmission message. This is done in order to make sure that the amount of bits that were sent match the amount that were received in order to make sure that no data was lost in transit that would cause high-level errors.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
<em>d. dumping.</em>
Explanation:
In international trade, dumping is described loosely as <em>selling products on  a foreign market below their manufacturing expenses or selling products on  a foreign market below their ' reasonable ' market value</em>.
It is a form of injury pricing, a difference in cost aimed at harming the competition.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
A. 01010111
Explanation:
This is because in odd parity, the number on the far left (the 8th number) would always be a 0