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Opium trade, in Chinese history, the traffic that developed in the 18th and 19th centuries in which Western countries, mostly Great Britain, exported opium grown in India and sold it to China. The British used the profits from the sale of opium to purchase such Chinese luxury goods as porcelain, silk, and tea, which were in great demand in the West, while addiction to opium became widespread in China, leading to social and economic problems there.
By 1773 the British had discovered the trade, and that year they became the leading suppliers of the Chinese market.The country traders sold the opium to smugglers along the Chinese coast. The gold and silver the traders received from those sales were then turned over to the East India Company.In the Treaty of Nanjing that ended the First Opium War in 1842, Britain made China pay a huge indemnity (payment for losses in the war). Britain also gained Hong Kong; The Treaty of Nanjing is the treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War and would have a lasting effect on East -West relations.
14th amendment . Which granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”
The trade routes went over land and sea.
Caravans were crucial in making the trade routes successful.
Muslim trade routes helped connect Europe with China.
Gold, ivory, and spices were traded along the routes.
Islam was spread along the trade routes.
The effect was, Women had to care for their family and so "mans work".
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Oregon Trail - people seeking new land to settle and farm
Underground Railroad - people seeking freedom from slavery
Trail of Tears- people forced from their traditional lands by government policy
California Trail - people seeking gold, silver, and other precious metals
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