Apparently, the answer is newspaper publishing.
Since telecommunication is defined to use wireless and electrical protocols to transmit data.
        
             
        
        
        
<span>network layer  
hope it helped</span>
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Rotation of an image 
Explanation:
The correct answer is -  Rotation of an image
Reason -
When you rotate an object, it moves left or right around an axis and keeps the same face toward you.
When you flip an object, the object turns over, either vertically or horizontally, so that the object is now a mirror image.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Not entirely sure what you want to achieve, but consider this program:
var a = 'foo';
var b = 'bar';
var c = { first : a, second : b };
console.log(JSON.stringify(c, null, 4));
A json object c is constructed using the values from variables a and b. Is this what you mean?
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Bayesian filtering
Explanation:
This is a type of filtering software that makes use of Bayesian logic to evaluate every incoming email that you receive, analyzing the header and content of the email to determinate if it is spam or not. It uses a preset of common words that are present in most spam emails, and it categorizes all received emails according to their probability to contain spam in trusted, or not trusted email. These categories are usually set by the user.
In short, Bayesian logic uses the knowledge acquired from past events to try to predict future events. Determinate the probability of success (from 0 to 100%) of a certain activity, according to the result of prior tests. It was first suggested in 1763 after the death of its creator Thomas Bayes, and it is widely spread across several different sciences such as programming, artificial intelligence, physics, etc.