Episodic Memory!
Episodic memory includes personal information on what happened and where.
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Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
Answer:
b)
Explanation:
Are those that become tornadoes, reaching the speed of 480km/hour and measuring up to 1500 mts in diameter in the soil, travel more than 100 km away.
Answer:
What will happen to the population of mice that it will keep growing at a tremendous rate without a fear of being caught by a predatory. This will increase the population curve of mice but will decrease the population curve of the cat at similar speed.
What else can happen is that cats will no longer be depending on Mice for their food and they will be finding some alternate food host.
What else can happen is the trait of tailless cannot be favored by environment as proposed by Lamarack in his theory of evolution that if organism acquires some favorable trait during his life then it is possible that he will pass this trait to offspring. Though this trait is not naturally induced therefore, there are no chances that tailless mice can born and nature choose it as a favorable trait.
In 1880 August weismenn did experiment of similar nature, he cut off the tails of 20 successive generations of mice abut not a single tailless mouse was born. Therefore, he proved that until nature selects some traits, they are not that easily passed from one generation to another if induced by human.
Conclusion: <em>Therefore, after 50 generation mice will be just like parent mice with tails however they will have good population and less predators.</em>
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