Question

horn cattle?
In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?


Differences in the diets of individual cattle


Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas


Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes


Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

Answer 1

The genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle is caused by DIFFERENCES  in the nucleotide sequences of genes. The order of nucleotides determines these differences.

During gene transcription, a segment of DNA called gene is used to create a complementary mRNA.

Subsequently, this mRNA is used as a template to create a polypeptide (i.e., a protein) by a process called translation.

The triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in mRNA determine specific amino acids that will be added to the nascent polypeptide.

The order of nucleotides in DNA determines the codons in mRNA and ultimately the differences in amino acids that will be added to the proteins (in this case, proteins involved in variation for the 'coat-color' trait).

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