Mutations. Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
recombinant DNA ,the DNA derived from more than 2 or more DNA
4-Growth, maintenance, balance fluids, maintain proper hp
2-Actin, collagen
An enzyme possesses different kinetics for different substrates as a result of this different products are formed.
Discussion:
- Multi-substrate reactions are governed by intricate rate equations that specify how and in what order the substrates bind. If substrate B is altered while the amount of substrate A remains constant, the study of these reactions becomes considerably easier. The enzyme behaves exactly like a single-substrate enzyme in these circumstances, and a plot of v by [S] yields the actual KM and Vmax constants for substrate B.
- These results can be utilized to determine the reaction's mechanism if a series of such measurements are carried out at various fixed concentrations of A. There are two different sorts of mechanisms for an enzyme that accepts two substrates, A and B, and converts them into two products, P and Q: ternary complex and ping-pong.
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An action potential involves potassium ions moving <u>outside </u>the cell and sodium ions moving <u>inside </u>the cell.
<h3>how does it action potential work?</h3>
Neurons have a negative concentration gradient most of the time, meaning there are more positively charged ions outside than inside the cell. This regular state of a negative concentration gradient is called resting membrane potential. During the resting membrane potential there are:
- more sodium ions
outside than inside the neuron
- more potassium ions
inside than outside the neuron
The concentration of ions isn’t static though! Ions are flowing in and out of the neuron constantly as the ions try to equalize their concentrations. The cell however maintains a fairly consistent negative concentration gradient (between -40 to -90 millivolts). How?
- The neuron cell membrane is super permeable to potassium ions, and so lots of potassium leaks out of the neuron through potassium leakage channels (holes in the cell wall).
- The neuron cell membrane is partially permeable to sodium ions, so sodium atoms slowly leak into the neuron through sodium leakage channels.
- The cell wants to maintain a negative resting membrane potential, so it has a pump that pumps potassium back into the cell and pumps sodium out of the cell at the same time.
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