The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for State Officials to compose an official school prayer and encouraged its recitation in Public Schools.<span>
</span>The prayer that was in question was: <span>Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our country. Amen.
</span>The Court ruled that government-written prayers were a violation of the U.S. Constitution and the Establishment Clause of the first amendment. <span>The Court explained the importance of separation between church and state but emphasizes that the use of "Almighty God" still promotes specific religions that recognizes those terms which still violates the Establishment Clause.</span>
Answer:
1. a) Amendment 8 - Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment.
2. d) A system in which each branch can limit powers of the other branches.
3. a) Supremacy Clause
4. c) The winner of the popular vote could lose the election.
5. c) Expressed powers are written in the Constitution, implied powers are not.
Explanation:
1. The 8th Amendment safeguards a person against "cruel and unusual penalties," such as high bail or fines.
2. Checks and balances were put in place so that no one part of the government could have too much power.
3. According to federal supremacy principles, the federal or US Constitution is the most important source of law, and state constitutions cannot override it.
4. Five presidents of the United States have served in office without winning the popular vote.
5. "Expressed powers" are those that are written out in the Constitution, while "implied powers" are those that can be figured out from what is written.
Executive privilege is the answer.
Toward the end of the 14th century AD, a handful of Italian thinkers declared that they were living in a new age. The barbarous, unenlightened “Middle Ages” were over, they said; the new age would be a “rinascità” (“rebirth”) of learning and literature, art and culture. This was the birth of the period now known as the Renaissance. For centuries, scholars have agreed that the Italian Renaissance (another word for “rebirth”) happened just that way: that between the 14th century and the 17th century, a new, modern way of thinking about the world and man’s place in it replaced an old, backward one. In fact, the Renaissance (in Italy and in other parts of Europe) was considerably more complicated than that: For one thing, in many ways the period we call the Renaissance was not so different from the era that preceded it. However, many of the scientific, artistic and cultural achievements of the so-called Renaissance do share common themes–most notably the humanistic belief that man was the center of his own universe.
