Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
The Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica
<span>Chromosomes are only visible in dividing cells.</span>
Water has a high heat capacity, or the ability to "hold on to" heat well; this property aids in the regulation of body temperature in both organisms and cells. Sweating is another way that water can be used to cool down an overheated organism.
- Warm-blooded animals employ water's high heat capacity to more efficiently distribute heat throughout their bodies.
- Water works like a car's cooling system, moving heat from warm to cold areas and allowing the body to maintain a more constant temperature.
- The body requires water to maintain temperature because it is a good heat conductor and absorber.
- Water can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature increases because of its large heat capacity.
- This characteristic enables the water to function as a buffer against abrupt temperature changes in every cell of the human body.
Learn more about water here:
brainly.com/question/1313076
#SPJ4
Answer:
Rho protein.
Explanation:
Transcription may be defined as the process of formation of RNA molecule from the DNA template. Three important process of transcription are initiation, elongation and termination.
The termination may occur through rho dependent and rho independent mechanism. In rho independent termination, the rho proteins are not required and not necessary for the termination. The uracil stretch is important for rho independent termination.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
