<span> Embryonic stem cell research is kind of a dead area now since there is no way to control the differentiation. Most research is being done on adult stem cells to help map and control the differentiation process.
Stem-cells from aborted fetuses - The government doesn't sponsor this, if it is done it is by private companies not located in the USA. You could try researching umbilical cord stem cells to be somewhere near your topic. They come from the afterbirth of normal deliveries.
You could do a much easier report by covering cloning of mice through stem-cell technology. It is happening and helping scientists understand diseases. </span>
Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen, A complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate
