Low calorie food intake can lead to amenorrhea (loss of regular menstrual cycle) and protein deficiency.
What is amenorrhea and protein deficiency and its effects?
- Female athletes, find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake(EI) to make weight goals.
- Low EI, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) and poor bone health.
- ExMD can be high in physically active women, ranging from 0% to 60%, and occurs across a continuum from mild disruptions in menses (no ovulation or luteal phase deficiency) to oligomenorrhea (cycles ≥ 35 day) and amenorrhea (no menses for >90 day.
- Low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy remaining for body functions after exercise training) may lead to menstrual dysfunction through a leptin-controlled pathway.
- In ExMD, females have low leptin levels that contribute to the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility via interference of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile.
- Sequentially, the ovaries decrease production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for triggering the lining and egg of the uterus to be shed (menstruation) resulting in abnormal menses.
- Adequate dietary protein is important for supporting physiological adaptations to exercise, there is a growing need to determine the protein requirements for pre-menopausal
- athletes that address the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones and potential metabolic
- potential metabolic
interactions with different types of exercise.
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Steatosis had no predictive value for any adverse outcome. Steatosis, also known as fatty alteration, is the abnormal accumulation of fat within a cell or organ. Steatosis most usually affects the liver, the principal organ of lipid metabolism, and is also known as fatty liver disease.
Steatosis can occur in other organs as well, such as the kidneys, heart, and muscle. When the term isn't defined further, it's presumed to refer to the liver. Diabetes mellitus, protein deficiency, hypertension, cell toxins, obesity, anoxia, and sleep apnea are all risk factors for steatosis. Excess lipid builds up in vesicles, which displace the cytoplasm.
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i believe the correct answer is B i’m sorry if i’m not correct
Answer:
The correct answer is C. The medial surface of the left lung exhibits a concavity called Cardiac Notch.
Explanation:
The two lungs are not of equal size because the heart is located somewhat oblique, with its apex slightly to the left of the middle plane of the body, which forces the left lung to have a concavity in its medial aspect to accommodate the apex of the heart, resulting smaller than the right lung. The cavity in the left lung that houses the apex of the heart is called the cardiac notch.
