The Angolan Civil War (Portuguese: Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different roots in Angolan society and mutually incompatible leaderships, despite their shared aim of ending colonial rule. A third movement, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), having fought the MPLA with UNITA during the war for independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), an association of separatist militant groups, fought for the independence of the province of Cabinda from Angola.With the assistance of Cuban soldiers and Soviet support, the MPLA managed to win the initial phase of conventional fighting, oust the FNLA from Luanda and become the de facto Angolan government.The FNLA disintegrated, but the U.S. and South Africa-backed UNITA continued its irregular warfare against the MPLA-government from its base in the east and south of the country.
The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994 and from 1998 to 2002 – with fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been internally displaced.The war devastated Angola's infrastructure and severely damaged public administration, the economy and religious institutions.
The Angolan Civil War was notable due to the combination of Angola's violent internal dynamics and the exceptional degree of foreign military and political involvement. The war is widely considered a Cold War proxy conflict, as the Soviet Union and the United States, with their respective allies, provided assistance to the opposing factions. The conflict became closely intertwined with the Second Congo War in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo and the South African Border War. Land mines still litter the countryside and contribute to the ongoing civilian casualties.
This line is part of the “Military Maxims of Napoleon”, a collection of tenets on the art of war which are still an inspiration for military students. Through this line, he makes his war beliefs and tactics clear. We should also consider the meaning of civil war: it is a war which if fought between different groups of people (different in religion, political ideas, etc) of the same territory. Having this in mind we can mention for example The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). They consisted in a series of battles between France and other European powers, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom. Among these we can mention The Battle of Waterloo 1815, the Battle of Trafalgar 1805, etc.
I agree in the sense that inevitably whenever there is a war there are 2 groups of a different nature, sharing the territory but fighting for a reason. I also believe that the “civil war they make wherever they fight” does not necessarily imply military participation. Nowadays, we see many countries, mainly Latin American ones, in which the different economic and political conflicts (“wars”) produce a gap and a clash between different national or local groups (“civil war”).
It’s the last one I am pretty sure
Domestic crisis is the answer
Answer:
D. Interpretation 1 opposes his decision, while interpretation 2 supports it.
