Simply put, a genetic mutation comes from a change in the DNA; this change can result from an extrachromosomal element, an alteration of the inherited nucleotide...
The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous, a sugar, and a phosphate group (http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nucleotide)
I believe the answer is the first one you listed,
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Answer:
The most common nutrients causing eutrophication are nitrogen and phosphorus. The main source of nitrogen pollutants is run-off from agricultural land, whereas most phosphorus pollution comes from households and industry, including phosphorus-based detergents.
Explanation:
Answer:
What happens to energy as it flows through the food chain and food webs of an ecosystem The chemical energy storied as nutrients in the bodies and wastes of organisms flows through ecosystems from one trophic level to the next and through this flow energy also is lost as heat.Explanation:
(1)
Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
(2)
A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
(3)
A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
(4)
The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
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For more on the atmosphere check out;
brainly.com/question/13633485
brainly.com/question/2846796
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