Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
Answer:
Tight junctions - prevent liquid from seeping between cells
Desmosomes - act as rivets to hold adjacent cells together when epithelial tissue moves
Gap junctions - allow movement of cytosol, ions, and small molecules between animal cells
Plasmodesmata - openings through the cell walls of plant cells that allow adjacent cells to share materials
Explanation:
1) Tight junctions are one of the cell junctions found in animal cells. Tight junctions function to prevent the flow of liquid materials between cells.
2) Desmosomes are another type of cell junctions whose function is to form a connection between two adjacent cells. The structure formed by this connection confers strength upon the tissues involved.
3) Gap junctions are the most commonly found cell junctions found in animal cells that connects adjacent cells allowing the passage of cytosol, ions and other small molecules in them from one adjacent cell to another.
4) Plasmodesmata is a cell junction found in plant cells. They are small openings lying across the cell wall of plant cells whose function is to connect the cells and facilitate the movement of materials from one cell to another.
It' have chilling wind circulation so clouds was produce rain
The answer is <u>True</u><u>.</u> When higher is the temperature of water, the faster an egg will cook.
