What's the definition of epista sis
2 answers:
Answer:
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Explanation:
The interplay of genes that determines phenotype is known as epistasis. Genes may either hide each other, making one "dominant," or they can mix to create a new characteristic. It's the conditional link between two genes that can determine a single phenotype for certain features.
Epistasis is a term used in genetics to describe the interaction of genes at two or more loci, as a consequence of which the gene's impact is influenced by the presence of one or more modifier genes. One gene or allele in the interaction is obscuring the phenotypic expression of the other genes or alleles. Epistatic refers to the gene or allele that masks the impact. The other gene(s) or allele(s) being masked, on the other hand, is/are referred to as hypostatic. Epistasis can be dominant or recessive. The fur colour of Labrador retrievers, which is a polygenic feature, is an example of epistasis. Its fur colour is determined by the interaction of two genes.
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Reactions in which the concentration of Nucleophile or Base has no effect on the rate of reaction depends only on the concentration of substrate. Such reactions are called Unimolecular Substitution or Elimination Reactions. The Kinetics of such reaction is First order with respect to substrate.
Examples:
SN¹ Reactions:
These are Unimolecular Substitution reactions. These are two step reactions in which the first step is the rate determining step. In RDS the substrate is ionized to generate a carbocation and is the slowest step. In second step the Nu attacks carbocation and is the fastest step.
E¹ Reactions:
These are unimolecular Elimination reactions. These are also two step reaction. In first step carbocation is generated (RDS step) and in second step the base abstracts proton to yield alkene. These reactions only depend on the concentration of substrate.
Examples:
SN¹ Reactions:
These are Unimolecular Substitution reactions. These are two step reactions in which the first step is the rate determining step. In RDS the substrate is ionized to generate a carbocation and is the slowest step. In second step the Nu attacks carbocation and is the fastest step.
E¹ Reactions:
These are unimolecular Elimination reactions. These are also two step reaction. In first step carbocation is generated (RDS step) and in second step the base abstracts proton to yield alkene. These reactions only depend on the concentration of substrate.