The answer would be the 4th option. (Rainwater soaking into the ground). Soil erosion is commonly caused by rainwater soaking into the ground.
The North Star appeared to move higher in the sky.
Answer: Option 3
<u>Explanation:</u>
North star is a special star found in the sky which is said to be fixed in the sky and does not move from it's place and the reason for this is that this star is very near to the axis of the planet Earth and is the only star that does not change it's position in relation to the rotation of earth. So since Albany is to the north of the New York city, the star will appear to move higher towards the north in the sky.
That's because the two countries have been really close and claiming that there's no "actual" difference between the two countries, and since Russia was in charge of Ukraine's territory,multiple times through history and is smaller, people called it Little Russia. hope it helps.