<span>It is false that the setting of a short story includes time, place, cultural aspects, and characterization. Although the first part of the sentence is indeed correct, the last word is not - characterization has nothing to do with the setting. The setting is a character's surroundings - so the time the story is taking place in, the place, and all of the cultural aspects that the time and the place entail. The way characters are described doesn't have much to do with the setting.</span>
Answer:
The scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics, and applied linguistics.
Explanation:
8 May 1950
It was a crazy time being on the island with just schoolboys. We were on the plane to escape the war, but we had our own war. Many people think that children are innocent, that we are not capable of murder and brutal violence. But we are capable of such things. We can be savage. I desperately wanted to be civilised, building huts and trying to get rescued from the island. But in the end, I was one of them. I killed a boar yet I felt thrilled and was partly responsible for Simon’s death. I am ashamed of how evil I have become and can be.
I miss the civilised and responsible child I once was. But even though I have lost my childhood innocence and have seen more brutality than I could have ever imagined, I have never really lost who I am. I am still the Ralph that holds onto civilisation, and in some ways, I am still a chief. Leadership post-island life will be different as this time, I have a keen understanding of our human nature. And I want to be a better person to honour the death of my dear friends.
The answer is 'by not fulfilling expectations'. The other options don't really surprise the reader, and if the plot is going into one direction, and then what you'd expect to happen doesn't actually happen, you are surprised, and the element of irony is achieved.