Speciation will only occur if there was life in the area before like a bunrt down forest or soemthing similar
        
             
        
        
        
Isn't this Chem? 
a non metal and a metal 
a metal transfers electrons to the non metal
the non metal gains electrons and becomes an anion (a negatively charges ion)
and the metal loses electrons and becomes a cation (a positively charged ion)
        
             
        
        
        
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Explanation:</h2><h2><u>Hope</u><u> </u><u>this</u><u> </u><u>is</u><u> </u><u>helpful</u><u> </u><u>for</u><u> </u><u>you</u></h2>
 
        
        
        
The asthenosphere is just below the lithosphere
I hope this helps:)
        
             
        
        
        
Dr. Brantz wants to test the part of the brain which is active while lying. For this purpose, he will need to make use of the fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) technique. This technique is used for measuring the brain activity by the means of the detecting changes in the blood flow. The neural activation affects the cerebral blood flow, and this change can be noticed using fMRI. 
Hence, the answer is 'fMRI'.