Carrot- 1500
rabbit- 150
snake- 15
hawk- 1.5
Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
A strand of DNA having base sequence as ATG CGA. The complementary strand of DNA will be produced with base sequence as TAC GCT. In the double strand DNA nitrogenous bases paired in a specific manner, A (Adenine) always pair with T (Thymine) with double hydrogen bond or vice-versa and C (Cytosine) pair with G (guanine) with triple hydrogen bond or vice-versa.
Answer:
stomach, pancreas and small intestine
7. Succession, 6. Extinction, 5. Niche, 3. Ecosystem, 2. Population, 1. Habitat, 4. Environment, 8. Community
