Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
Answer:
Explanation:
People lived in cities because factories hired them for unskilled labor and the immigrants were willing to work for low wages. After WWI the need for unskilled labor went down. In order to limit immigration to the US, the government set up a quote system which restricted to number of immigrants that could move to the US.
Where are the answer choices? :O
Answer:
The correct answer is: recirpocal determinism.
Explanation:
Developing healthy, self-restraining habits in a conscious way as a counterweight to unhealthy habits. By managing to gain consciousness about one's health in dietary means, one gains the capacity to turn a need into a healthy habit which produces a consequence that is more desired than the unhealthy habit. Analena has developed a chain-system in which the cause not to do something has a consequence she desires because it enables her not to do that same thing. Meaning, Analena refuses to buy fattening snacks because that will let her stay healthy and fit, and by staying healthy and fit she will not have the urge to consume fattening snacks.
