Answer:
D) the self-serving bias.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it seems that his example illustrates a self-serving bias. This term refers to an individuals characteristic of attributing positive events to themselves but at the same time placing negative events as caused by external factors. Which is what Ainslie is doing by blaming other factors when she did bad on her test but when she got an A- she attributed that to her own talent.
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Psychological factors, such as distraction, can diminish pain sensations.
<u>Explanation</u>:
A football player faced a hard situation while playing a physical game. But the fact is he did not feel any pain until the celebration party after the game. This is due to distraction.
Distraction is a psychological factor that diminishes the pain sensations. In detail, distraction means attention diversion of a person or group from the particular situation or object.
The lack of ability to concentrate on particular object is distraction.
There are three types of distraction: visual, manual and cognitive.
<span>Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. the sound is a "Stimulus".
A stimulus is an effect from outside which affects an action or an activity, sometimes triggering some psychological response. For example in the given example the sound of the train is an external effect (Stimulus) which triggers the feeling of fright in Jordan. </span>