Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention–which would likely involve Russia’s ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe’s great powers collapsed. Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I had begun
Giuseppe Garibaldi - led an army to capture southern Italy
Camillo di Cavour - freed northern Italy from Austrian rule
Giuseppe Mazzini - created a group called Young Italy that promoted Italian independence
King Victor Emmanuel II - served as the first leader of Italy following unification.
Explanation:
- Piedmont received Lombardy from Austria.
- Garibaldi conquered the Kingdom of Two Sicilies (1860) with his "thousand" volunteers.
- The states of central Italy were annexed Piedmont, and Victor Emanuel II proclaimed himself King of Italy (1861).
- He led the war against Austria, this time in alliance with Prussia (1866), and acquired Venezia.
- In 1870, the Pontifical State was also occupied, and Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, thus realizing the idea of Risorgimento.
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Range. The oarfish is thought to inhabit the epipelagic to mesopelagic ocean layers, ranging from 200 meters (660 ft) to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) and is rarely seen on the surface. A few have been found still barely alive, but usually if one floats to the surface, it dies.
