All this is saying is that when the Europeans colonized Africa they did great damages to the social and political institutions of the natives on a local level, as opposed to necessarily a national level, due to the fact that power in Africa was relatively localized.
Thomas Jefferson!! Hope this helps :)
The answer would be an explorer
Riis states that if the nation does not wipe out slums, the slums will wipe out.
He see the battle against slums as a battle with poverty. He states that the battle must be won as fasts as possible, stating that the slums are the enemy of civilization.