Answer:
The first part of the 14th amendment is the equal protection under the law clause. This clause states no government or state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws!
Explanation: This means all people and genders shall have to opportunity to achieve the same successes in the United States of America!
d. Both were based on unconstitutional state laws.
The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states’ rights and westward expansion.
By banning people from visiting Palastine. I think that's the answer.