Answer:
Loss of cell wall integrity or
Explanation:
Grams staining i a staining method used to classify bacteria into two main classes. Gram positive and Gram negative.
They are differentiated according to the ability of their cell wall to retain the primary stain color of the crystal violet stain or the counter stain pink.
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram positive bacteria hence it is supposed to stain purple.
Therefore, when it stained pink is an error. it shows loss of the cell wall integrity due to old age, overdecolorization or over fixing with heat.
Answer:
An amino acid.
Explanation:
Each codon applies to an individual amino acid.
Number of different species. This is commonly refered to as biodiversity. Biodiversity means how many different types of organisms are in a certain area.
Answer: Gene that arose through gene duplication, but by acquiring mutations became nonfunctional.
Explanation:
A gene is a functional unit of heredity formed by DNA. They possess a sequence of nitrogenous bases that during translation is read by ribosomes to produce molecules called proteins. A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a gene, but which has been inactivated in the course of evolution by mutations in its sequence. Thus, it is a gene that derives from other known genes and whose functions are different, <u>may have lost their functionality or have radically changed </u>it. To this day, it is not known exactly how pseudogenes are created, however some theories are as follows:
1. A gene duplication can generate two copies of a gene when only one is needed. A mutation would then occur that deactivates one of the copies. In addition, the duplication event may not be complete, so that the copy has incomplete promoters.
2. They may be fragments of the messenger RNA transcript of a gene may be spontaneously reverse transcribed and inserted into the chromosomal DNA. They lack the promoters of normal genes, so they are not expressed normally.
3. A gene may become non-functional or inactivated if such a mutation becomes fixed in the population. This can occur by normal means such as natural selection or genetic drift.
