The Fifteenth Amendment had a significant loophole: it did not grant suffrage to all men, but only prohibited discrimination on the basis of race and former slave status. States could require voters to pass literacy tests or pay poll taxes -- difficult tasks for the formerly enslaved, who had little education or money.
What was one of the primary ways the Treaty of Versailles laid the groundwork for World War II? It put severe financial pressure on Germany, weakening the Government.