Gautreaux vs. Chicago Housing Authority class action lawsuit that alleged public housing was serving de facto govt. segregation. -gave $ to families to help buy homes in suburbs. as a result, happier, healthier, children had higher test scores.
About case :
The case began in 1966, when Dorothy Gautreaux and others filed a class action claiming that the Chicago Housing Authority (“CHA”) had intentionally perpetuated racial segregation both in its tenant assignment practices and in its siting policies. In 1969, the district court found for the plaintiff class, Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Auth.,
Who is Dorothy Gautreaux?
Dorothy Gautreaux was a community and civil rights activist who lived in public housing on Chicago's South Side, and fought against their unjust policies. Under the guidance of ACLU lawyers, Gautreaux and 3 other residents sued the Chicago Housing Authority in the nation's first public housing desegregation lawsuit.
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Answer:
Step 1: The bill is drafted.
Step 2: The bill is introduced.
Step 3: The bill goes to committee.
Step 4: Subcommittee review of the bill.
Step 5: Committee mark up of the bill.
Step 6: Voting by the full chamber on the bill.
Step 7: Referral of the bill to the other chamber.
Step 8: The bill goes to the president.
Step 9: Overriding a veto.
The courts determine it by looking at whether the harassment was "severe" meaning bad or "pervasive" meaning frequent. This requirement exists (under federal law, thanks to the U.S. Supreme Court) for a reason.
The Constitution restricts original jurisdiction cases to those concerning disputes between the States or disputes arising among ambassadors and other high-ranking ministers. Parties who are not contented with the decision of the lower court have to petition the US supreme court to hear their cases. The basic means to petition the court for review to ask is to grant a writ certiorari. This is a request that the Supreme Court order a lower court to send up the record of the case for review.
2. Both the federal rule and school rule are made by the constituted authorities and they are most commonly for the good of those in the community. If there were no school rules, students would feel free to do whatever they want even if it would lead to them hurting others.
3. Court determines what really happened and what should be done about it. Courts determine whether a person committed a crime and what the punishment should be. Courts also determine a peaceful way to decide private disputes that people can't resolve themselves. The county courts are sometimes referred to "the people's courts", as the county courts' work involves a myriad of citizen disputes, such as traffic offense, less serious criminal matters (misdemeanors), and relatively small monetary disputes.
<h3>What are the answers to other questions?</h3>
4. The community service is given to the offender always depends on the crime, usually the community services are assigned to people who have committed minor crimes, the law already had some comparisons to the crime to know if the criminal goes to jail or community service, in addition to the law also assesses whether the criminal has committed more than 2 times the crime or has only done it once.
5. Often first time offenders would have the ability to turn around their behavior. Being exposed to the severe criminal element of prisons or jails could in fact breed a worse criminal rather than deterring from their felonious or criminal behavior. I think the severity of the act should depend on jail term associated with and if they are able to enroll in diversion programs. So in some ways one would argue that it is fair!
Therefore, the correct answers are as given above
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