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Stella [2.4K]
2 years ago
7

during fetal development, the modeling for bone is first seen in both processes when ____is deposited.

Biology
1 answer:
Rzqust [24]2 years ago
7 0

Answer: Calcium crystals

Explanation:

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Which action causes the movement of atmospheric heat from place to place in the troposphere?
kvv77 [185]

Answer:

Cold air is denser than warm air, it will sink below warmer air, pushing warm air upward.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
Describe the substrate specificity of chymotrypsin and the structural feature that determines this specificity.
serg [7]

Answer:

The main substrate of chymotrypsin includes tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine

Explanation:

1.

Histidine yields a proton to aspartate and recovers it from serine.

Seen in another way: aspartate captures a proton from the serine through histidine.

2.

a) The serine (deprotonated) is thus capable of attacking the peptide bond (nucleophilic carbonyl attack) and forms a tetrahedral intermediate; The substrate is thus covalently bound to the enzyme (now it is a transition state).

b) The peptide bond is broken and the released amino terminus (R) recovers a proton from histidine.

c) Histidine, in turn, recovers it from aspartic.

3.

a) Aspartate captures a proton of histidine again, so that it can capture it in turn from water.

b) This generates a hydroxide anion that attacks the ester intermediate between the serine and the carboxyl part (R ′) of the substrate peptide.

c) A new tetrahedral intermediate bound to the enzyme is formed (via serine residue).

4.

a) The carboxyl group of the peptide is regenerated, the serine being separated and the other peptide fragment being free (the R ′ part with a free carboxyl end)

b) The serine recovers the proton at the expense of histidine, which in turn captures it from aspartic acid.

c) The catalytic triad (Asp, His, Ser) has been regenerated in its original state.

The net reaction is:

R–NH – CO –R ′ + H2O ⟶ R– NH2 + HOOC –R ′ ⟶ R – NH3 + + −OOC –R ′

The active site or catalytic center of chymotrypsin is formed by several amino acid residues, among which the essential role corresponds to the "catalytic triad".

5 0
3 years ago
Dinitrophenol increases the permeability of the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons. Assuming that all
Zigmanuir [339]

Answer:

The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.

Explanation:

  • Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:  
  1. Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
  2. Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.
  • Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix
  • During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
  • This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
  • Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient.  Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.
4 0
3 years ago
Explain why SARS-COV-2 is classed as a pathogen
SpyIntel [72]

Answer:

SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus strain known to infect humans and it causes respiratory disease in humans. These viruses infect humans and are currently causing a pandemic in the world.

A pathogen is an infectious organism that causes illness or disease to its host. There are many types of pathogens that infect the body of the host that disrupts the normal physiological process of an organism. SARS CoV2 is also a pathogen as it infects the human body and disrupts its physiology and causes disease.

8 0
3 years ago
When a plant sweats or emits water is called
Alla [95]

Answer:

Overall, this uptake of water at the roots, transport of water through plant tissues, and release of vapor by leaves is known as transpiration

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
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