Answer:
This project is feasible because plants that don't have photorespiration are photosynthetically more efficient and have higher productivity compared to plants that undergo photorespiration
Explanation:
C4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient compared to C3 plants because these plants (C4) don't have photorespiration, which is a process that decreases the photosynthetic activity. Photorespiration is the process by which the Rubisco enzyme, which is involved in the first step of carbon fixation, adds oxygen to Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), an organic compound involved in photosynthesis. This process (photorespiration) is known to waste energy generated by photosynthesis, thereby making photosynthesis less efficient. It is for that reason that C4 plants have high productivity. Some examples of C4 economically important crops include maize, sorghum, sugarcane, etc.
The resistance of a given object depends primarily on two factors: What material it is made of, and its shape. For a given material, the resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area; for example, a thick copper wire has lower resistance than an otherwise-identical thin copper wire. Also, for a given material, the resistance is proportional to the length; for example, a long copper wire has higher resistance than an otherwise-identical short copper wire. The resistance R and conductance G of a conductor of uniform cross section, therefore, can be computed as
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where is the length of the conductor, measured in metres [m], A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor measured in square metres [m²], σ (sigma) is the electrical conductivity measured in siemens per meter (S·m−1), and ρ (rho) is the electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance) of the material, measured in ohm-metres (Ω·m). The resistivity and conductivity are proportionality constants, and therefore depend only on the material the wire is made of, not the geometry of the wire. Resistivity and conductivity are reciprocals: . Resistivity is a measure of the material's ability to oppose electric current.
This formula is not exact, as it assumes the current density is totally uniform in the conductor, which is not always true in practical situations. However, this formula still provides a good approximation for long thin conductors such as wires.
Another situation for which this formula is not exact is with alternating current (AC), because the skin effect inhibits current flow near the center of the conductor. For this reason, the geometrical cross-section is different from the effective cross-section in which current actually flows, so resistance is higher than expected. Similarly, if two conductors near each other carry AC current, their resistances increase due to the proximity effect. At commercial power frequency, these effects are significant for large conductors carrying large currents, such as busbars in an electrical substation,[3] or large power cables carrying more than a few hundred amperes.
Answer:
Functions of the bones in the human body:
Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis
Explanation:
- Support: the bones provide a rigid support frame for muscles and soft tissues.
- Protection: the bones form several cavities that protect the internal organs from possible trauma. For example, the skull protects the brain against blows, and the rib cage, formed by ribs and sternum protects the lungs and heart.
- Movement: thanks to the muscles that are inserted into the bones through the tendons and their synchronized contraction, movement occurs.
- Mineral homeostasis: the bone tissue stores a series of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, necessary for muscle contraction and many other functions. When necessary, the bone releases these minerals in the blood that distributes them to other parts of the body.
Answer:
Enzymes regulate metabolic processes through a variety of feedback mechanisms including inhibition.
Explanation:
Eukaryotic metabolic regulation refers to the mechanisms by which metabolic anabolic and catabolic pathways are modulated in eukaryotic organisms. Anabolic enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of molecules, while catabolic enzymes are involved in degradative pathways. Thus, enzymes regulate metabolic pathways by catalyzing chemical reactions at their corresponding rates of reaction. Moreover, feedback inhibition refers to those mechanisms occurring when one enzyme is inhibited by the end product of the metabolic pathway, enabling cells to regulate these products.
Answer:
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